A Critical Study of Electioneering Strategies of Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan and Its Impacts: 1970-2008
Keywords:
Historiography, Martin Lings, SirahAbstract
The Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan (JIP) is one of the leading political parties of Pakistan deeply rooted in an Islamic ideology and it exercises deep influence in the political system. The arrest of Jamaat's leaders in 1950 forced the party to participate in active politics. This study focuses on Jamaat's election strategies of alliance politics, solo flight and boycott of elections and overall impacts upon JIP electoral politics. Jamaat-e-Islami enjoys great popularity across the country due to its Islamic ideology and social services, yet the party failed to translate its popularity into power of ballot, despite taking strong political stances. The party’s policy to attract the voters on religious and sociological issues has been analyzed in the light of Sociological Theory. The voting behavior to support the parties that match their religious, cultural and social needs, as prescribed in Sociological Theory, has been exposed with the historical study of the Jamaat's electoral politics. The primary data is collected by conducting interviews of political activists, and secondary sources that discussed the electoral politics in Pakistan. Election results have been assessed to know the causes of failure or success of Jamaat. The study applies both qualitative and quantitative methods to a scholarly study of electoral politics of Jamaat.
References
Farhat Haq, “Jamaat-e-Islami, in The Islamization of Pakistan 1979-2009 pp28 (Washington: Middle East Institute Viewpoints, 2009), 28.
Faissal Hameed, “Islamic Activism in South Asia: The Reasons for the Electoral Under-Achievement of the Jamaat-e-Islami of Pakistan, 1947-1977,” PhD Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2002, 2.
Faissal Hameed, “Islamic Activism in South Asia,” 2.
Faissal Hameed, “Islamic Activism in South Asia,”69.
Faissal Hameed, “Islamic Activism in South Asia,” 70-71.
Ziring, Pakistan at the Crosscurrent, 76
Ziring, Pakistan at the Crosscurrent, 76
Haroon K. Ullah, Vying for Allah’s Vote: Understanding Islamic Parties, Political Violence Pakistan, (Georgetown University Press, 2013), 88 .
Guardian, 7 January 1964, DO 196/418, TNA London
BHC in Karachi to CRO London, 26 January 1965, DO 196/503, TNA London.
BHC in Pakistan to Secretary of State for Commonwealth Relations, “Pakistan: Reelection of President Ayub,” 19 February 1965, DO 196/503, TNA London.
Syed Ahmad Nur, From Martial Law to Martial Law: Politics in the Punjab 1919-1958, edited by Craig Baxter and translated by Mahmud Ali, (Boulder: Westview Press, 1985); and Keith B. Callard, Political Forces in Pakistan: 1947-1959, Hameed, “Islamic Activism in South Asia,”71
Backgrounders, vol. 2, No. 3, 15 January 1970, FCO 37/684, TNA London.
Seyyed Vali Reza Nasr, Mawdudi and the Making of Islamic Revivalism (New York: Oxford University Press, 1995) 45
Craig Baxter, “Pakistan Votes – 1970,” Asian Survey, vol. XI, Number 3, (March 1971) : 211
Results of East Pakistan Elections to National and Provincial Assemblies, FCO 37/684, TNA London.
Aqeel Abbas Jaafri, Pakistan ki Intikhabi Siyast (Lahore: Gora Publishers, 1996), 71-72
Muhammad Shakeel Ahmad, ‘“Electoral Politics in NWFP 1988-1999,” PhD thesis, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, 2010, 256-57
Ali Sharaiti, On the Sociology of Islam (Berkeley: Mizan Press, 1979), 49
Seyyed Vali Reza Nasr, The Vanguard of the Islamic Revolution: The Jamaat-e-Islami of Pakistan
(Berkeley: University of California Press, 1994), 86
Fareed Piracha, Interview by Researcher, 27 June 2011, Mansoora, Lahore.
Maulana Muhammad Musahib Ali, “ Islami Front Ki Nakami ke Asbaab: Karname aur Mustaqbil ka Lahia-e-Amal’’ Jasarat, 18 October 1993.
www.pakpedia.pk/Jamaat-e-Islami-pakistan, 6 May 2018.
Ziring, Pakistan at the Crosscurrent, 167
Tahir Mehdi, The Pakistan Election Compendium, Vol. 2 (Karachi: Church World Service, 2012), 619.
Commonwealth, “The General Election in Pakistan,” Commonwealth Secretariat, 1997, P. 20
Raja Muhammad Jamrez, ‘“Qazi Husain Ahmad as Ameer of Jamaat-e-Islami 1987-2008,” MPhil Thesis, University of Sargodha, 127-28
Abu-ul-Ala Maududi, Tasreehat, 320-24 in “Hikmat-i-Maududi”, Tarjaman-ul-Quran, 135, 1, (January 2008) : 47- 51, 47-48
Khurshid Ahmad ‘’8 January ka Intikhabi Tamasha, Shirkat Ya Boycott,” Tarjaman-ul-Quran, 135, 1, (January 2008) : 25-26
Qazi Hussain Ahmad, Islam, Musalman aur Pakistan (Lahore: Islamic Publications, 2009), 228-29.
Hameed “Islamic Activism in South Asia, ” 147-48
Hameed “Islamic Activism in South Asia, ”., 148
Hameed “Islamic Activism in South Asia, ” 147-49
Jaafri, Pakistan ki Intikhabi Siyast, 170
Commonwealth, “The General Election in Pakistan,” Commonwealth Secretariat, 1997, P. 7
Mehdi, The Pakistan Election Compendium, Vol. 2, 40
Haroon K. Ullah, Vying for Allah’s Vote: Understanding Islamic Parties, Political Violence Pakistan, (Georgetown University Press, 2013), 5
Khurshid Ahmad, “Qaumi Intikhabat 2002,” Tarjaman-ul-Quran, 129, 9, (September 2002) : 5-9
Malik Waris Jasra, interview by Researcher, 23 December 2017
Ullah, Vying for Allah’s Vote, 98-99
S Akbar Zaidi, “ Elections: Continuity Rather Than Change,”November 2-9, 2002, 44- 4.
